Management

Leadership and Motivation
Theory X & Theory Y
Managerial Grid

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Managerial Grid (Leadership Style) - Blake & Mouton

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Douglas McGregor developed production oriented  ( Theory X )and democratic oriented theory (Theory Y ). Research showed managers’ having concern both for production and people. A decade ago Robert Black and Jane Mouton developed a well-known approach to defining leadership style is the managerial grid . Black and Mouton developed a clear device to dramatize this concern. An ideal manager can use this approach as combined manner. Robert Black and Jane Mouton disclosed 5 different types of leadership in Managerial Grid:-               Impoverished Management             Autocratic Task Manager            Country Club Management            Team Management                         Middle of the Road Management       The Managerial Grid Grid Dimensions The grid h...
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360 Degree Appraisal

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It was first developed by General Electric (GE) USA in 198. This is known as ‘Multi-Rater Feedback’, it is the appraisal in a wider perspective where the comment about the employees performance comes from all the possible sources that are directly or indirectly related with the employee his job. This method is acceptable by all because it’s evaluation is done by different parties. The major 4 components are :- 360 Degree Appraisal Method 1. Employee Self Appraisal 2. Appraisal by Superior 3. Appraisal by Subordinate 4. Peer Appraisal 360 Degree Appraisal - Advantage • Feedback is perceived more valid and objective as it’s collected from varied sources. • Helps employees in seeing themselves as others see them • It provides information which neither employees nor his/her superior may be aware. 360 Degree Appraisal - Disadvantage • It is not really an honest assessment because Frank and honest opinion may not be received • It can be time consuming • Over relia...
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Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

McGregor’s Theory X and Y two sets of assumption about of nature of people. Theory X Assumptions The ‘Traditional’ assumption about the nature of people, according to McGregor, are included in Theory X as follows. Average human beings have an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if they can. Because of human characteristic of dislike work, most people must be coerced, controlled, force and threatened to deliver what’s needed. Need to supervise every step with control put in place Lake of ambition Theory Y Assumption People are willing to work, work can be as natural as play and rest Average people accept responsibility no need to direction Always look forward to showing creativity Always participated minded. These tow sets of assumptions obviously are fundamentally external. Theory X is pessimistic, static and rigid. Control is primarily external, imposed on the subordinate by the superior. In contrast; Theory Y is optimistic, dynamic and flexible with an emphasis ...
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