Management

Leadership and Motivation
Theory X & Theory Y
Managerial Grid

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Managerial Grid (Leadership Style) - Blake & Mouton

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Douglas McGregor developed production oriented  ( Theory X )and democratic oriented theory (Theory Y ). Research showed managers’ having concern both for production and people. A decade ago Robert Black and Jane Mouton developed a well-known approach to defining leadership style is the managerial grid . Black and Mouton developed a clear device to dramatize this concern. An ideal manager can use this approach as combined manner. Robert Black and Jane Mouton disclosed 5 different types of leadership in Managerial Grid:-               Impoverished Management             Autocratic Task Manager            Country Club Management            Team Management                         Middle of the Road Management       The Managerial Grid Grid Dimensions The grid h...
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360 Degree Appraisal

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It was first developed by General Electric (GE) USA in 198. This is known as ‘Multi-Rater Feedback’, it is the appraisal in a wider perspective where the comment about the employees performance comes from all the possible sources that are directly or indirectly related with the employee his job. This method is acceptable by all because it’s evaluation is done by different parties. The major 4 components are :- 360 Degree Appraisal Method 1. Employee Self Appraisal 2. Appraisal by Superior 3. Appraisal by Subordinate 4. Peer Appraisal 360 Degree Appraisal - Advantage • Feedback is perceived more valid and objective as it’s collected from varied sources. • Helps employees in seeing themselves as others see them • It provides information which neither employees nor his/her superior may be aware. 360 Degree Appraisal - Disadvantage • It is not really an honest assessment because Frank and honest opinion may not be received • It can be time consuming • Over relia...
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Management by Object

The most important aspect of MBO is measuring the actual performance of the employee with the standards set by them. It is also said to be a process that integrates organizational objectives into individual objectives. MBO consists of six main steps:- 1. Set organization goals: Top management sets strategic goals for the company. 2. Set departmental goals : Departmental heads and their superior jointly set supporting goals for their department 3. Discuss departmental goals: . Departmental heads present department goals and ask all subordinates to develop their own individual goals. 4 . Set individuals goals: Goals are set for each subordinate and a timetable is assigned for accomplishing those goals 5. Performance Reviews: Measure the results. Department heads compared the actual performance of each employee with expected results. 6. Give feedback: Supervisor and subordinate meet periodically to review the subordinate’s performance and monitor and analyze progress toward his ...
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