PGDHRM Course in Bangladesh Institute of Management (BIM)

McGregor’s Theory X and Y two sets of assumption about of nature of people. Theory X Assumptions The ‘Traditional’ assumption about the nature of people, according to McGregor, are included in Theory X as follows. Average human beings have an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if they can. Because of human characteristic of dislike work, most people must be coerced, controlled, force and threatened to deliver what’s needed. Need to supervise every step with control put in place Lake of ambition Theory Y Assumption People are willing to work, work can be as natural as play and rest Average people accept responsibility no need to direction Always look forward to showing creativity Always participated minded. These tow sets of assumptions obviously are fundamentally external. Theory X is pessimistic, static and rigid. Control is primarily external, imposed on the subordinate by the superior. In contrast; Theory Y is optimistic, dynamic and flexible with an emphasis ...

Database is a collection of related data and data is a collection of facts and figures that can be processed to produce information. Mostly data represents recordable facts. Data aids in producing information, which is based on facts. For example, if we have data about marks obtained by all students, we can then conclude about toppers and average marks.  A database management system stores data in such a way that it becomes easier to retrieve, manipulate, and produce information. Advantage of DBMS  Data independence: Application programs should be as independent as possible from details of data representation and storage. The DBMS can provide an abstract view of the data to insulate application code from such details.  Efficient data access: A DBMS utilizes a variety of sophisticated techniques to store and retrieve data efficiently. As a result users can access into data frequently. Data integrity and security: If data is always accessed through the DBMS, the DB...

Despite best efforts, acts of indiscipline occur and it becomes necessary to take a disciplinary action. While taking disciplinary action the following “principles of natural justice” should be followed:  No one should be condemned or punished without being given an opportunity to explain his/her conduct and the charges brought against him/her.  The employee charged should be given an opportunity of adducing all relevant evidence on which he/she relies.  The employee should be given the right to cross-examine management’s evidence.  The evidence of management should be taken in the presence of the employee. Related Topics

Click Here To Print Meaning:- A “Performance Appraisal” is a process of evaluating an employees’ performance of a job in terms of it’s requirements. Performance appraisal is the step where the management finds out how effective it has been at hiring and placing employees. Performance management Cycle • Planning • Monitoring • Developing • Rating • Measuring Performance • Rewarding Planning- Work in Advance so that expectations and goals can be set Monitoring:- Progress and performance continually Developing :- The employee’s ability to perform through training and work assignments. Rating:- periodically to summarize performance Measuring Performance - Standard Performance - Actual performance Reward:- Good Performance Performance Appraisal Methods Traditional : 1. Paired comparison 2. Graphic Rating Scales 3. Forced Distribution Method 4. Check Lists 5. Free Essay Method 6. Critical Incidents 7. Group Apprisal 8. Field Review 9. Ranking Modern 1. Ass...

It was first developed by General Electric (GE) USA in 198. This is known as ‘Multi-Rater Feedback’, it is the appraisal in a wider perspective where the comment about the employees performance comes from all the possible sources that are directly or indirectly related with the employee his job. This method is acceptable by all because it’s evaluation is done by different parties. The major 4 components are :- 360 Degree Appraisal Method 1. Employee Self Appraisal 2. Appraisal by Superior 3. Appraisal by Subordinate 4. Peer Appraisal 360 Degree Appraisal - Advantage • Feedback is perceived more valid and objective as it’s collected from varied sources. • Helps employees in seeing themselves as others see them • It provides information which neither employees nor his/her superior may be aware. 360 Degree Appraisal - Disadvantage • It is not really an honest assessment because Frank and honest opinion may not be received • It can be time consuming • Over relia...

The most important aspect of MBO is measuring the actual performance of the employee with the standards set by them. It is also said to be a process that integrates organizational objectives into individual objectives. MBO consists of six main steps:- 1. Set organization goals: Top management sets strategic goals for the company. 2. Set departmental goals : Departmental heads and their superior jointly set supporting goals for their department 3. Discuss departmental goals: . Departmental heads present department goals and ask all subordinates to develop their own individual goals. 4 . Set individuals goals: Goals are set for each subordinate and a timetable is assigned for accomplishing those goals 5. Performance Reviews: Measure the results. Department heads compared the actual performance of each employee with expected results. 6. Give feedback: Supervisor and subordinate meet periodically to review the subordinate’s performance and monitor and analyze progress toward his ...